局麻藥佐劑對神經阻滯效果的影響

局麻藥佐劑對神經阻滯效果的影響

神經阻滯中,不僅僅局麻藥的種類、濃度及劑量影響神經阻滯的效果,其新增劑也會對阻滯效果產生很大影響。

局麻藥佐劑對神經阻滯效果的影響

摘要譯文

氯胺酮與硫酸鎂在後段手術球周阻滯中作為局麻藥佐劑:一項隨機對照研究

背景:

在球周阻滯中使用局麻藥佐劑可能會改善阻滯特徵。這項雙盲、平行組、隨機、對照試驗的目的是評估氯胺酮與硫酸鎂作為局麻藥佐劑對玻璃體視網膜手術患者球周阻滯的安全性和有效性。

方法:

將126例計劃行玻璃體視網膜手術的患者隨機分為氯胺酮組(GK,n=42)、硫酸鎂組(GM,n=42)或對照組(GC,n=42)。

主要結果是眼球運動障礙的發生和持續時間、眼瞼運動障礙的持續時間和感覺阻滯的發生。

次要結果包括開始手術的時間、鎮痛持續時間、眼壓以及患者和外科醫生的滿意度。

結果:

氯胺酮或鎂的使用顯著縮短了眼球運動障礙的發生時間,增強了感覺阻滯的發生,延長了眼球和眼瞼運動障礙的持續時間,減少了開始手術所需的時間,並增加了總鎮痛時間。

鎂對眼球和眼瞼運動遲滯的持續時間以及鎮痛的影響顯著更為顯著,而氯胺酮顯著縮短了開始手術所需的時間。

兩種藥物的使用均顯著提高了患者和外科醫生的滿意度。

結論:

在玻璃體視網膜手術中,使用氯胺酮或硫酸鎂作為局麻藥佐劑用於球周阻滯,可改善阻滯的起效時間、持續時間和質量,使患者和外科醫生更滿意,且與藥物不良反應或手術併發症無關。

原文摘要

Ketamine versus magnesium sulphate as anadjuvant to local anesthetics in the peribulbar block for posterior segmentsurgeries: a randomized controlled study

Background: The use of an adjuvant to localanesthetics in the peribulbar block may improve block characteristics。 The aimof this double-blinded, parallel-group, randomized, controlled trial was toevaluate the safety and efficacy of ketamine versus magnesium sulphate asadjuvants to the local anesthetic mixture of peribulbar block in patientsscheduled for vitreoretinal surgeries。

Methods: A total of 126 patients scheduledfor vitreoretinal surgery were randomly allocated as either ketamine (GK,n=42), magnesium sulphate (GM, n=42), or control (GC, n=42) groups。 The primaryoutcomes were the onset and duration of globe akinesia, duration of lidakinesia, and onset of sensory block。 Secondary outcomes included time to startsurgery, duration of analgesia, intraocular pressure, and patient and surgeonsatisfaction。

Results: The use of either ketamine ormagnesium significantly shortened the onset of globe akinesia, enhanced theonset of sensory block, prolonged the duration of globe and lid akinesia,minimized the time required to start surgery, and increased the total analgesictime。 The effect of magnesium was significantly more pronounced on durations ofglobe and lid akinesia as well as analgesia, whereas ketamine significantlyshortened the time required to start surgery。 Both patient and surgeonsatisfaction were significantly improved with the use of either drug。

Conclusions: In vitreoretinal surgeries theuse of either ketamine or magnesium sulphate as adjuvants to the localanesthetic mixture of peribulbar block improved the onset, duration, andquality of the block, offered better patient and surgeon satisfaction, and wasnot associated with drug adverse effects or surgical complications。