生產運作管理1.8

生產運作管理1.8

生產運作管理1。8

生產運作管理1。8

02:32

來自LearningYard學苑

什麼是戰略分析

上一期中我們介紹了企業戰略的重要性,同時企業戰略需要公司高層進行戰略管理,其中戰略管理的過程為:確定企業使命、戰略分析、戰略選擇、戰略實施。而其中最為重要的便是戰略分析和戰略選擇,今天我們將講解戰略分析。戰略分析就是對企業外部環境進行分析找出機會(opportunities)和威脅(threat),對企業內部分析找出優勢(strength)和劣勢(weakness),即最終會作出SWOT分析圖。

In the previous issue, we introduced the importance of corporate strategy, which requires strategic management at the top of the company, in which the process of strategic management is: determining the mission of the enterprise, strategic analysis, strategic choice, strategic implementation。 The most important of these is strategic analysis and strategic choice, which we will cover today。 Strategic analysis is the analysis of the external environment of the enterprise to identify opportunities and threats, internal analysis of the enterprise to identify strengths and weaknesses (weakness), that is, the final SWOT analysis map。

戰略分析的組成

戰略分析分為外部分析和內部分析,外部分析分為對外部宏觀環境、行業環境與競爭環境。宏觀環境分包括政治因素、科技因素、經濟因素、社會因素,即是對企業進行PEST分析,其中政治因素包括國際形勢、政治穩定性、法令、政策等,科技因素包括新產品、新工藝、系能源的初心,經濟因素包括消費水平、國民生產總值等,社會因素包括生活方式、生活習慣等。行業環境則是運用到了波特的五力模型:需方對行業內企業的影響、供方對行業內企業的影響、替代品的威脅、新加入者的威脅、行業內企業的競爭。而競爭因素包括:行業企業數量和力量對比;行業市場的增長速度、行業內企業差別化程度與轉換成本;戰略賭注;行規;行業的集中程度。對於內部分析,企業要關注成本(C)、價格(P)、對顧客的價值(V)這三個因素,可以對V進行提升,主要透過差異化,產生與眾不同的產品和服務;降低C,但是成本降低是有限的,單純依靠價格競爭是不行的,因此企業要加強差異化的提升。

Strategic analysis is divided into external analysis and internal analysis, external analysis is divided into external macro-environment, industry environment and competitive environment。 Macro environmental factors include political factors, scientific and technological factors, economic factors, social factors, that is, the enterprise PEST analysis, including political factors including the international situation, political stability, decrees, policies, scientific and technological factors including new products, new processes, energy, economic factors including consumption level, gross national product, social factors including lifestyle, living habits and so on。 The industry environment is the five-force model used by Porter: the impact of demand on enterprises in the industry, the impact of supply on enterprises in the industry, the threat of alternatives, the threat of new entrants, and the competition of enterprises in the industry。 Competitive factors include: the number and strength of enterprises in the industry, the growth rate of the industry market, the degree of differentiation and conversion costs of enterprises in the industry, strategic bets, regulations, and the concentration of the industry。 For internal analysis, enterprises should pay attention to cost (C), price (P), value to customers (V) these three factors, can be V to improve, mainly through differentiation, to produce different products and services;Reduce C, but cost reduction is limited, relying solely on price competition is not possible, so enterprises should strengthen the promotion of differentiation。

文字|李恆宇

排版|李恆宇

稽核|李恆宇

參考資料:生產運作管理;翻譯:谷歌翻譯

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