New archaeological discoveries at the capital site of the Shang Dynasty （1600-1046 BC） in Yanshi district of Luoyang city， Henan province， show that the remains of a gate with two underground water channels have been discovered， believed to be parts of the capital‘s small city （the capital contains three areas of palace city， small city and large city）， providing new evidence for exploring its road system， river distribution， urban layout and function division， said a source from the archaeological team on December 14。
12月14日，記者從偃師商城考古隊獲悉，在河南偃師商城小城發現一處商代城門遺址，城門下並鋪有暗渠，為研究偃師商城的道路系統、水系分佈、城市佈局、功能屬性提供了新的史實論證。
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Apart from the two underground water channels， the remains also include a gate， identified and confirmed as a gate （east gate） of the capital’s small city for the first time。 The gate has only one gateway about 3。2 meters in width， with rammed-earth grooves and rows of holes for pillars distributed in the south and north of the gateway。 8 holes are inside the grooves in the south while 5 in the north。
此次的發現系偃師商城小城遺址第一個能夠確認的門址，為小城東門。該城門為單門道，門道寬度約3。2米，門道南北兩側分佈著夯土柱槽和成排的柱洞，南側柱槽內有柱洞8個，北側柱槽內殘存5個柱洞。
“Stones have been found in each hole on both sides of the gateway， on which the pillars used as the main structure of the whole gateway stand，” said Chen Guoliang， an associate research fellow at the Institute of Archaeology of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences， who heads the archaeological team。
中國社科院考古研究所副研究員、偃師商城考古隊領隊陳國樑說：“門道兩側密集排列的柱洞裡都墊有石塊作為支撐，再立上柱子撐起門道。”
Apart from the gate， two underground water channels were also discovered about 1。8 meters in width and 80 centimeters in height。 Slabstones are laid on the channel for the convenience of pedestrians crossing from east to west。 As early as 3，500 years ago in the early Shang Dynasty， a three-dimensional transportation system with pedestrian sidewalks and water channels had been formed。
在該小城城門下方還發現鋪設有暗渠，暗渠水道寬約1。8米、高約80釐米。渠上方搭有石板，方便行人東西向穿行。以此可見，早在3500年前的商代早期，就已經形成了人行通道和排水溝渠並行的立體交通系統。
“Based on the gate location and the river distribution， it can be further identified the site‘s road system， urban layout and function division， thus exploring whether the site was a capital city in ancient time，” said Chen Guoliang。
“透過門址的位置，再結合水系分佈，我們可以進一步確定城市道路分佈情況和城市功能分割槽，以此推斷偃師商城早期是否具有都邑特徵。”陳國樑說。
The two east-west water channels have been basically unearthed during the latest archaeological excavation。 According to Chen Guoliang， with a combination of ground and underground water channels and the connection between the internal and external river systems， the earliest and most complete urban river system of the Shang Dynasty has been discovered at the site， which not only created a pool-distributed landscape covering about 2，600 square meters， but also protected the city with rivers and from waterlogging。
此外，最新的考古發掘已將偃師商城小城東西向貫通的兩條水道基本揭露出來。陳國樑介紹，偃師商城擁有迄今發現商代最早最完備的城市水系，城市明暗水渠結合，內外水系貫通，不僅營造了一處約2600平方米的池苑景觀，還承擔著以水護城，排水防澇的功能。
Discovered in 1983， the capital city site of the Shang Dynasty in Yanshi district of Luoyang city covers an area of about 2 square kilometers。 Around the past 40 years， three city ruins （palace city， small city and large city） were discovered at the site。 The discovery at this time has made the outline of the site clearer， which is bound to further understand its defense system， road and river distribution and urban function division， thus providing strong support for the in-depth study of the site and new materials for the construction of the site-based park。
位於河南洛陽的偃師商城遺址發現於1983年，總面積約2平方公里。經過近40年的發掘，陸續發現有宮城、小城、大城三重城垣。此次的發現對以水系和道路所勾勒的城市骨架有了更為清晰的認識，必將推進對偃師商城防禦體系、道路與水系和功能區劃為基礎的偃師商城小城佈局和年代的認識，為偃師商城性質的深入研究提供有力支撐，為遺址公園的建設提供新的素材。
責編：趙惜辰 實習生：李杭 稽核：姜秋霞
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