053 乏燃料的乾式儲存
Dry Storage of Spent Fuel
（https：//www。nuclear-power。com/）
乏燃料的乾式儲存
Dry storage is most often based on the use of spent fuel casks。 As its name implies， dry storage of spent fuel assemblies differs from wet storage by making use of gas or air instead of water as the coolant and metal or concrete instead of water as the radiation barrier。 In dry storage systems， sufficiently cooled spent fuel is not stored underwater， but it is loaded in these casks （or vaults or silos）。 If on-site pool storage capacity is exceeded， it may be desirable to store the spent fuel in modular dry storage facilities， which may be at the reactor site （AR） or at a facility away from the site （AFR）。 Spent fuel is transferred from spent fuel pools to thick metal casks or thinner canisters。 These casks are then drained， filled with inert gas， and sealed。 The thick casks can be placed directly on a concrete pad， while the thinner canisters are placed in concrete casks or vaults to provide radiation shielding。 Many regulators have determined that dry storage of spent fuel at reactor sites is safe for at least 100 years， and generally considers dry storage safer than pool storage。
乾式儲存最常用是廢燃料遮蔽容器。顧名思義，乏燃料元件的乾式儲存與溼式儲存不同，用氣體或空氣代替水作為冷卻劑，用金屬或混凝土代替水作為輻射屏障。在乾式儲存系統中，充分冷卻的乏燃料不會儲存在水下，而是裝入這些遮蔽容器（或庫或筒倉）。如果現場池儲存容量超限時，可能需要將乏燃料儲存在模組化的乾式儲存設施中，可能位於反應堆現場（AR）或遠離該現場（AFR）。乏燃料從乏燃料池轉移到較厚的金屬遮蔽容器或較薄的罐體中。然後，這些容器被抽空，充入惰性氣體並密封。厚遮蔽容器可以直接放置在混凝土平臺上，而較薄的罐體則放置在混凝土桶或庫中，以提供輻射遮蔽。許多監管機構已經認定，乏燃料在反應堆的乾式儲存至少在100年內是安全的，而且通常認為乾式儲存比池式儲存更安全。
Initially dry storage were single purpose systems。 They only provided storage without the capability or authorisation for eventual transport off site （without rehandling and reloading the fuel into transport casks）。 Vaults， silos and non-transportable casks are single purpose systems。 Dual purpose casks were developed and they allow storage and transport to and from a storage facility without rehandling of fuel assemblies。 The fuel containers of some storage systems may be used for transport and/or final disposal。 Dry storage managing is less expensive since it provides all safety characteristics， doesn’t need electrical systems （necessary only in vault storage）， periodic maintenance and a constant fuel monitoring， increasing the system reliability for longer periods。 Because of their inherent flexibility， cask systems have proved popular with reactor operators。
最初的乾式儲存是用途單一的系統。他們只提供儲存，而沒有能力或授權進行最終的離場運輸（無法再次搬運和重新裝載燃料到運輸遮蔽容器）。庫、筒倉和不可運輸的遮蔽容器是單一用途的系統。研發了雙重用途的遮蔽容器，允許在不重新搬運燃料元件的情況下進行儲存和儲存設施間的往返運輸。某些儲存系統的燃料容器可用於運輸和/或最終處置。乾式儲存管理成本更低，因其提供了所有的安全特性，不需要電氣系統（只在庫儲存中需要）、定期維護和持續的燃料監控，提高了系統的長期可靠性。由於其固有的靈活性，遮蔽容器式系統已被證明很受反應堆運營商的喜愛。
Dry interim storages are practical and approved in many countries especially that have the “wait and see” philosophy （wait to see new technologies development）。 It must be added， any strategy for managing spent nuclear fuel will be built around combinations of many options， and all strategies must ultimately include permanent geological disposal。
在許多國家，特別是那些有“靜觀其變”理念（等待新技術的發展）的國家，乾式臨時儲存是可行的並得到了批准。必須補充的是，任何管理乏核燃料的戰略都將圍繞多種選擇的組合而建立，所有戰略最終都必須包括永久的地質處置。
注：
（以下內容來自百度百科）
乏燃料乾式儲存是使用特殊氣體（
惰性氣體
-氦氣，或非活性氣體-氮氣）或空氣作為冷卻劑，用金屬或混凝土作為輻射屏障的乏燃料儲存方式。
乏燃料乾式儲存
（待續）